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It is not what you say but what surrounds what you say, that counts

For linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, for example, the content of a sign in linguistics is ultimately determined and delimited not by its internal content, but by what surrounds it:

the synonyms redouter(“to dread”), craindre (“to fear”), and avoir peur (“to be afraid”) have their particular values because, if two of the terms disappeared, then the remaining sign would take on their roles, become vaguer, less articulate, and lose its “extra something” because it would have nothing to distinguish itself from.For de Saussure, this suggests that thought is a chaotic nebula until linguistic structure dissects it and holds its divisions in equilibriums. 


This is akin to the philosophy of Sir William Hamilton, who indirectly influenced Saussure[ and believed that the mind could only grasp an idea through distinguishing it from something that it is not. He reasoned that the two objects would otherwise collapse together for the mind and become indistinguishable from the other.



The term heteroglossia refers to the qualities of a language that are extralinguistic, but common to all languages. These include qualities such as perspective, evaluation, and ideological positioning.


Heteroglossia is "the base condition governing the operation of meaning in
any  utterance. To make an utterance means to "appropriate the words of others and populate them with one's own intention

In this way most languages are incapable of neutrality, for every word is inextricably bound to the context in which it exists.



As to writers,  for the purpose of his/her writing, an author must create entire worlds and, in doing so, is forced to make use of the organizing categories of the real world in which he lives.



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