The brain and moral emotions as opposed to reason

 Moral emotions are automatic, the brain’s immediate response to a situation. 

Reason is more like the brain’s manual mode, employed when automatic settings are insufficient, such as when norms conflict. 

Moral emotions are likely the product of evolution, reinforcing conduct that promotes social harmony and disapproving actions that thwart that end.

 If this is correct, then negative moral emotions are apt to be experienced, to some extent, any time an agent’s actions are contrary to what is normally a moral requirement.