self deception of She is having an affair; I left the stove on, honest Joe never dd anything wrong.

 A typical example of such self-deception is the jealous husband who believes on weak evidence that his wife is having an affair, something he doesn’t want to be the case. In this case, the husband apparently comes to have this false belief in the face of strong evidence to the contrary in ways similar to those ordinary self-deceivers come to believe something they want to be true.

 My fear of my house burning down might motivate my false belief that I have left the stove burner ays similar to those ordinary self-deceivers come to believe something they want to be true.

 My fear of my house burning down might motivate my false belief that I have left the stove burner on. This unwelcome belief serves to ensure that I avoid what I fear, since it leads me to confirm that the burner is off. 

Barnes (1997) argues that the unwelcome belief must serve to reduce some relevant anxiety; in this case my anxiety that my house is burning. My daughter hides her exam report her Dad (me)   and  her continue to beleive that there is no  problem with her academic achievements, Jo  Biden despite evidence to the contrary  (it is all on tape) self deceives that he is done nothing wrong to say a purported  misuse of office.  Over 70 million Americans vote for him. Donald Trump still believes he has not lost the Election.

 Folk psychology offers a wide variety of nondoxastic (non belief) attitudes such as ‘hope,’ ‘suspicion,’ ‘anxiety,’ and the like that are more than sufficient to explain self-deception without adverting to belief.

S