Cognition is not purely or even typically an intellectual, solipsistic (the view or theory that the self is all that can be known to exist) introspection in the way Descartes’ Meditations suggest.
Rather, cognition is physically interactive, embedded in physical contexts, and manifested in physical bodies. (See how Joe Biden walks and talks.)
From the perspective that phenomenologists favor, however, all cognition is embodied and interactive and embedded in dynamically changing environments.
Attention to the way in which our own conscious experiences are structured by our bodies and environments reveals that there is no substantial distinction between mind and body.
Computational cognitive science (brain as computer) has failed to appreciate the body’s significance in cognitive processing and to do so requires a dramatic re-conceptualization of the nature of cognition and how it must be investigated
So for example when Joe Biden endeavours to
answers a question on his wayward son, Hunter
there is a myriad of physical reaction, legs might shake, hairs on back of neck might rise, sweat glands migth operate, heart rate increase, or even the give away tremble of the hands. this can cause an overly defensiver reaction i.e to Putin 'you are a killer aren't you?' to which Puitn responded
in linguistic Chess speak, 've understand each other perfeeclty.'
the brain-centrism of traditional cognitive science, as well as its dependence on the computer for inspiration, stands in the way of a correct understanding of cognition.
The cognitive “load” that a task requires can be reduced when the agent embeds herself within an appropriately designed physical or social environment. For instance, Martin and Schwartz (2005) found that children are more successful at calculating ¼ of 8 when allowed to manipulate pie pieces than if only viewing the pieces.
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