The fundamental categories of reality are the ontological levels in which reality is structured.
The basic ontological assumption concerning knowledge is that it does not create or generate its objects.
Ontologically speaking, knowledge grasps objects. If knowledge does not generate its objects, objects ontologically precede any effort to grasp them.
Objects are indifferent as to whether or not they are known. Whilst knowledge is relevant for the knower, it is of no importance for the object itself.
Knowledge uncovers aspects, brings to light dimensions and properties of objects. Knowledge introduces a divide between that part of the object which has been captured by knowledge and that part which remains to be known. The former is usually typified and then represented by concepts. The divide between the full ontological object and the part that has been apprehended shifts as knowledge develops. For instance, real existence (i.e., the existence of a real being) is a temporal determination, whilst ideal existence is compossibility -the possibility of coexisting
Ontological categories are the lowest layer of being. They form the network of internal, dynamic (determinants and dependencies which articulate the furniture of the world.
The difference between Dasein and Sosein—and every other articulation that ontology is supposed to present—is characterized categorially. As a matter of fact, categories are the only tools available to an ontologist. Ontology, therefore, is a thoroughgoing theory of categories.
Concepts are names of ontological categories, which implies that concepts are partial, static, separate representations of items that in themselves are both essentially dynamic and inseparable from other ontological categories.
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