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In academic circles, Keeping the other person down is the surest defence of their own


existed in writing and academic circles just as it did in all walks of life.  Masterson (1979) points out, that with literary critics and academics their convictions are arrived at indirectly by criticism of others, one could deem them to be resentment prone.

 The reason for this is that in a closed system, such as an academic department or a writing circle, “Winners can only flourish at the expense of losers. 

Status for these people depends not only on rising oneself but on preventing others from rising. For many, keeping the other fellow down offered the surest defense of their own.


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