In 5th century BC Greece, Antiphon the Sophist, in a fragment preserved from his chief work On Truth, held that: "Time is not a reality (hypostasis), but a concept (noêma) or a measure (metron)."
Parmenides went further, maintaining that time, motion, and change were illusions, leading to the paradoxes of his follower Zeno.
Time as an illusion is also a common theme in Buddhist thought
J.M.E. McTaggart's 1908 The Unreality of Time argues
that, since every event has the characteristic of being both present and not
present (i.e., future or past), that time is a self-contradictory idea (see
also The flow of time).
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