The human being at any given moment is made up of various elements (dharma), some of which constitute his body and others various mental states.
Among the latter we find the belief in an enduring self, which is thought of both as the unchanging substance underlying the changing mental states and as the active centre of decision-making.
Although the belief is an illusionary one, it is very difficult to shake it off, since it arises in a very natural, indeed compelling way.
Hence Buddhism offers three doctrines with respect to the self. First, it contains a theoretical critique of the notion of an enduring self, together with a constructive analysis of the actual unity and continuity of the person.
The critique of our having a self rests on three main arguments: an argument from lack of control (a substantial self would not be as helpless in the face of change as is actually the case),
an argument from impermanence (the endlessly changing mental states cannot make up a self)
and what we might call an argument from conceptual parsimony (the self is neither observable nor theoretically necessary).
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